Table 1. Probiotics strains with antibacterial potential for the application to food products

Category Major probiotics strain1) Major results and implications Reference
Probiotics capable of the inhibition of bacterial growth Lactobacillus bulgaricus PTCC 1332,Lactobacillus casei PTCC 1608,Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058,Lactobacillus fermentum PTCC 1638 - Assessment of the inhibitory activity of LAB2) against pathogensEscherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus Tebyanian et al. (2017)
Lactobacillus sp. LBbb0141,Leuconostoc sp. LBdc0103 - Isolation of LAB2) from food materials- Identification of LAB with inhibitory activity against representative Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) pathogens‣ G+: Bacillus megaterium, Listeria ivanovii, S. aureus, Streptococcus sp.‣ G-: Clostridium sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella paratyphimurium B, Salmonella typhimurium- Maintenance of the inhibitory activities under broad range of conditions (temperature, pH) Djadouni and Kihal (2012)
L. fermentum LABS1,Enterococcus durans LABS2 - Isolation of LAB2) from pickled fruits- Identification of LAB with inhibitory activity against representative G+ and G- pathogens‣ G+: Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus‣ G-: Cronobacter muytjensii, E. coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Poona, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus Mohamad et al. (2022)
L. plantarum 105/106/1073) - Isolation of LAB2) from food materials- Strain-dependent inhibitory activity against pathogensL. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 Arena et al. (2016)
Cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) produced by probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici TN1,Lactobacillus farciminis TY1 - Isolation of LAB from fermented foods- Assessment of inhibitory activity of CFS against L. monocytogenes Jawan et al. (2019)
Lactobacillus pentosus A6Weissella paramesenteroides B5/B103,Enterococcus sp. P1b/H4b/B3b/A2b3) - Isolation of LAB2) from stingless bees- Assessment of inhibitory activity of CFS against pathogensE. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. enterica‣ Clues for the mechanism of the inhibitory activity as the production of bacteriocin due to the limited spectrum of the antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes Goh et al. (2021)
P. acidilactici strain CSI29MX,Pediococcus parvulus strain MF233,Pediococcus pentosaceus strain QN1D - Isolation of Pediococcus sp. strains from Idli batter- Assessment of the inhibitory activity of CFS against causative agents foodborne diseases and spoilage- S. aureus, E. coli. Salmonella typhi. B. cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Khandare and Patil (2015)
L. casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii,L. fermentum, L. pentosus,L. plantarum - Isolation of LAB2) from curd and human milk- Assessment of inhibitory activity of CFS against pathogensB. cereus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, S. enterica serovar Typhi, Shigella flexneri, S. aureus- Strain-dependent inhibitory effects according to the bacterial species of target pathogens Sharma et al. (2017)
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-1,L. brevis 1, L. bulgaricus 6,L. fermentum 1,Lactobacillus helveticus N11/33),L. plantarum 24-2L/24-4B/24-5D3),Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis L-3 - Assessment of inhibitory activity of CFS against pathogensB. cereus, E. coli, S. aureus- Evaluation of the active antibacterial substances as acids by using neutralized CFS- Strain-dependent inhibitory effects according to the bacterial species of target pathogens- Maintenance of inhibitory activity was observed from neutralized CFS from some strains, highlighting the presence of bioactive antibacterial agents other than acids Georgieva et al. (2015)
Cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) produced by probiotics L. bulgaricus PTCC 1332,L. casei PTCC 1608,L. fermentum PTCC 1638,L. plantarum PTCC 1058 - Evaluation of the active antibacterial substances as acids by using neutralized CFS- Inhibitory activity was also observed after the neutralization of CFS, highlighting the major antibacterial mechanism as other active substances (e.g. H2O2, bacteriocin, etc.) than acids Tebyanian et al. (2017)
L. fermentum LABS1,E. durans LABS2 - Evaluation of the active antibacterial substances as acids, H2O2, and bacteriocin by using neutralized, catalase-treated, and trypsin-treated CFS, respectively- Loss of inhibitory activity was observed from only neutralized CFS, highlighting the major antibacterial mechanism as acids Mohamad et al. (2022)
L. fermentum S1/S2/S8/S163),L. plantarum S17,Lactobacillus rhamnosus S19,Lactobacillus paracasei S14 - Isolation of LAB2) from infant feces- Assessment of inhibitory activity of CFS against pathogens‣ ETEC, S. flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersinia enterocolitica- Evaluation of the active antibacterial substances as acids and H2O2 by using neutralized and catalase-treated CFS, respectively- Loss of inhibitory activity was observed from both neutralized and catalase-treated CFS, highlighting the major antibacterial mechanism as acids and H2O2, not from bacteriocin or bacteriocin-like compounds Davoodabadi et al. (2015)
Purified antibacterial agents produced by probiotics L. plantarum KJB23 - Production of compound with antibacterial activity (3,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyhexahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d][1,2]dioxin-2-one) against L. monocytogenes- Stability and the expected antibacterial mechanisms were investigated. Kavitha et al. (2020)
L. paracasei ZFM54 - Production of bacteriocin with antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogensS. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus- Stability of bacteriocin was investigated. Ye et al. (2021)
Lactobacillus coryniformis MXJ - Production of bacteriocin with antibacterial activity against antibiotic- resistant bacterial foodborne pathogensCronobacter sakazakii, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., S. aureus- Stability of bacteriocin was investigated. Xin et al. (2014)
L. helveticus,L. plantarum - Production of bacteriocin with antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant G+ and G- bacterial foodborne pathogens‣ G+: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, MRSA4), Streptococcus pyogenes, S. aureus‣ G-: Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. paratyphi A- Stability and the expected antibacterial mechanisms of bacteriocin were investigated. Hassan et al. (2020)
L. acidophilus NCFM,Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 5810,Lactobacillus gallinarum ATCC 33199,L. helveticus CNRZ32 - Assessment of the ability of LAB2) to produce lactic acid sufficient for the inhibition and inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni- Expected antibacterial mechanisms were investigated. Neal-McKinney et al. (2012)
Strain name (including the nomenclature of genus and species of that strain) used in the cited article was indicated.
LAB: Lactic acid bacteria.
Multiple strains within the same bacterial species were indicated by using the symbol “/”.
MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.